<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" ><generator uri="https://jekyllrb.com/" version="3.10.0">Jekyll</generator><link href="https://hirengarai.github.io/feed.xml" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" /><link href="https://hirengarai.github.io/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" /><updated>2026-07-05T04:02:06+00:00</updated><id>https://hirengarai.github.io/feed.xml</id><title type="html">Hiren</title><subtitle>Hirendra Kumar Garai — Research Fellow at NTU Singapore</subtitle><entry><title type="html">A Slow Sunday in Kyoto</title><link href="https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2025/01/12/slow-sunday-kyoto/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="A Slow Sunday in Kyoto" /><published>2025-01-12T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2025-01-12T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2025/01/12/slow-sunday-kyoto</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2025/01/12/slow-sunday-kyoto/"><![CDATA[<h2 id="morning">morning</h2>

<p>Walked along the canal, coffee in hand, thinking about pace. The city moves differently here — slower, more deliberate. Every corner has a story, every alley a hidden shrine.</p>

<h2 id="afternoon">afternoon</h2>

<p>Bookstore stop, notes in the margin, no rush. Found a first edition of a math book I’d been hunting for years. The owner wrapped it in brown paper like it was something precious.</p>

<h2 id="snapshots">snapshots</h2>

<ul>
  <li>tiny kissaten near the station</li>
  <li>the sound of bikes on wet pavement</li>
  <li>late light on old wood</li>
  <li>a cat sleeping on a temple step</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="reflection">reflection</h2>

<p>Sometimes the best days are the ones with no agenda. Just walking, watching, being present.</p>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="Vlog" /><category term="Travel" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[morning]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Bias, Correlation, and a Tiny Proof</title><link href="https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2024/12/18/bias-correlation-proof/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Bias, Correlation, and a Tiny Proof" /><published>2024-12-18T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2024-12-18T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2024/12/18/bias-correlation-proof</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2024/12/18/bias-correlation-proof/"><![CDATA[<h2 id="the-setup">the setup</h2>

<p>When analyzing stream ciphers, we often need to understand the relationship between bias and correlation. Here’s the key insight I always have to re-derive.</p>

<h2 id="the-statement">the statement</h2>

<p>For random variables $X$ and $Y$ over ${0,1}$:</p>

\[\Pr[X \oplus Y = 1] = \frac{1}{2} + \varepsilon\]

<p>where $\varepsilon$ is the correlation bias.</p>

<h2 id="why-it-matters">why it matters</h2>

<p>This simple relationship is the foundation of differential-linear cryptanalysis. The bias propagates through rounds, and understanding how it compounds is key to breaking ciphers.</p>

<p>The key insight is that for independent biases $\varepsilon_1, \varepsilon_2$:</p>

\[\varepsilon_{total} \approx 2 \cdot \varepsilon_1 \cdot \varepsilon_2\]

<h2 id="quick-notes">quick notes</h2>

<ul>
  <li>Bias compounds multiplicatively (mostly)</li>
  <li>Independence assumptions matter more than we think</li>
  <li>Always check your experimental correlations against theory</li>
</ul>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="Math" /><category term="Crypto" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[the setup]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">On Slow Mornings</title><link href="https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2024/11/02/slow-mornings/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="On Slow Mornings" /><published>2024-11-02T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2024-11-02T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2024/11/02/slow-mornings</id><content type="html" xml:base="https://hirengarai.github.io/thoughts/2024/11/02/slow-mornings/"><![CDATA[<h2 id="the-thought">the thought</h2>

<p>It’s harder than it sounds — waking up early, not checking the phone, sitting with a notebook and a problem.</p>

<h2 id="what-works">what works</h2>

<ul>
  <li>No screens for the first hour</li>
  <li>One focused task, nothing else</li>
  <li>Coffee helps (obviously)</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="what-doesnt">what doesn’t</h2>

<ul>
  <li>Trying to do this every day (burnout is real)</li>
  <li>Being rigid about the routine</li>
  <li>Feeling guilty when it doesn’t happen</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="the-point">the point</h2>

<p>Slow mornings aren’t about productivity. They’re about having space to think. Sometimes the best ideas come when you’re not trying.</p>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="Notes" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[the thought]]></summary></entry></feed>